I, Zu Chong Zhi and Li-Ming dynasty
Zu Chong Zhi 429-500, the word text far, Fan Yang39s ancestral home now the Hebei Laishui, is distinguished scientists Liusong period. Pi his research, he famous, in fact, his contribution to science and technology is far from limited to this, in the astronomical calendar, the one we have called. 463 Ming dynasty, hecalendar, in which more chanel than innovation, is the calendar of ancient China, one of the most famous.
Was first introduced to the phenomenon of precession calendar is Zu Chongzhi a major contribution. As the ancient Chinese calendar, the five-star in the calculation of the location of the sun, the winter solstice the sun is between the position where the star as a reference point, so precession of the introduction of the concept and value, it makes the location of the reference point of the correction to be better, thus five-star location of the sun so that the accuracy of projections to be a fundamental guarantee.
Daming calendar years from the return length of 365.2428 days, the error is only 46 seconds, which is used in ancient China, one of the best value. 28 the value of the acquisition, and Zu Chongzhi clever and correct application of Liu Hong et alin the 173-year measurements, but also invented Zu Chongzhi winter time is closely related to measurement method. The calculation method is measuring a few days before and after the winter solstice in the afternoonlength, based on the assumption that in a few changes in longis uniform under the premise of the method used to strike a linear proportion of the specific time of the winter solstice, It later became the classic moment of the ancient winter solstice measurement method.
the reunification and on the length of the basis of precise calculations, Zu Chong Zhi also a good selection of the very accurate new leap week 391 Run 144 years, this is the best of ancient China Darun weeks.
Calendar in the Ming dynasty, the Zu Chongzhi also clear that the first time on the point of intersection the moon twice in succession through the intersection with a yellow and white time interval the length of values 27.2122, the error is only about 1 seconds, has reached a very high the level of accuracy. 29
To join the five-star cycle, Zu Chong Zhi have also been re-measurement, a 398.903 on Jupiter on error 0.019, 780.031 on Mars on coco chanel error 0.094, 378.070 Saturn Day error 0.022 days, Venus on 583.931 p 0.009 days Mercury 115.880 Day error 0.002 days, on the whole, the accuracy reached an unprecedented height.
Calendar for the Ming dynasty to be enacted with Zu Chongzhi SG wearing old school debate, wrote a refutation of the text is the famous in the history of scientific thought. He insisted on reform, opposition to the ancient and the suspect letter today mentality, he was significant, according toto nuclear rationale is the attitude of seeking truth from facts, he indemnity impact test, the poor review ng 30 the practice of the spirit still sparkling flashes of light, shining in the rugged road of scientific climbing.
Second, the three found the letter DAVID
DAVID letter, River now the Hebei Province Qinghe County, is the Northern Wei, Northern Qi Dynasty famous astronomers. He spent the next 30 years, live in one island, dedicated to observing the sun with five-star armillary sphere movement. Before and after 570 years, he was in the history of astronomy in our country of great significance to the three found that
First, the sun, as the movement on the discovery of non-uniformity. DAVID letter was informed by the observation the sun, as the movement from level to level equinox Autumnal Equinox time by six months the calendar of the ecliptic in degrees, rather than from flat to flat spring equinox Autumnal Equinox which is also the time by six months the calendar number of degrees less, the result, the first half of in the sun as the natural velocity slower than the second half, which he derived the way to this discovery. The second way is to follow with similar methods of Liu Hong was achievable. DAVID Wilson pointed out Eclipse occurred at all times to save pre-push match with the actual value, in addition to taking into account the uneven movement of the moon39s influence, they also need to add a correction value referred to as the gas to the poor , 31 The positive and negative values, the size of 24 solar terms, and stability have a close relationship. This is Liu Hong news operation re-discovered. More importantly, DAVID letter of this sublimation uneven movement of the sun, as the conclusion to into the gas poor to a reasonable explanation. He also estimated that the 24 solar terms gas to the poor that is, when the 24 solar terms, depending on the actual solar line degrees degrees and the average difference between the lines the specific value, which is China39s ancient sport of the sun, as the phenomenon of non-uniformity made clear the first quantitative description.
Second, the five-star campaign on the discovery of non-uniformity. DAVID letter was found, according to traditional methods of projections may see Oriental five-star morning time, often does not match with the actual phenomena, often to see the sight, or should not see the situation and see. By further study, he confirmed the five-star Oriental morning see this ahead of time or the length of lag and known as gas into the addition and subtraction 32, 24 solar terms with close and stable relations . DAVID letter that this is the five-star campaign reflects the heterogeneity of concrete. Similarly, he also projected a five-star 24 solar terms gas into the plus or minus a clear value, in order to achieve a five-star non-uniformity of the initial movement of the quantitative description.
The third is found on poor food, which is Eclipse on one of the major progress in research. DAVID letter simply recognize that drinking limits based on traditional law, can not categorically determine whether or not the solar eclipse took place, that is already under the conditions of food restriction, if the moon was in the north of the ecliptic, it certainly is no doubt solar eclipse took place and if at that time the moon in the south of the ecliptic, the solar eclipse will not occur. 33 Here, DAVID letter was found on the solar eclipse of the moon affect the parallax. Parallax refers to the moon on the ground observers, the real position of the moon39s zenith distance Z is better than depending on the location of the zenith distance Z Z is more of a small astronomical phenomena see Figure 1. In terms of the solar eclipse see Figure 2, when the moon in the north of the ecliptic, as the moon, as the parallax so that the location of fall, the distance closer to the sun, so as long as it certainly happened to the solar eclipse and when the moon in the south of the ecliptic when the moon as a result of parallax, as the location so that decline in the distance between the sun Businessmen increased, so has to eat, even if limited, or non-occurrence of solar eclipse. DAVID This is a letter found on the food of poor astronomical meaning of the real.
DAVID letter found in all the three epoch-making significance, they provide an astronomical calendar of the perfect system to add new content.
Third, the Emperor Liu Zhuo Li and other polar